Disinflation

Disinflation is a decrease in the rate of inflation. This phase of the business cycle, in which retailers can no longer pass on higher prices to their customers, often occurs during a recession. In contrast, deflation occurs when prices are actually dropping.

To fully understand disinflation we need to first understand inflation. The word inflation originally meant an increase in the the supply of money which resulted in an increase in prices. But, in more recent years, the word inflation has come to mean the result rather than the cause. i.e. an increase in prices rather than an increase in the supply of money. This might be partially the result of the wide spread usage of the term "inflation rate" which measures the rate of price increases rather than the increase in the money supply.

Disinflation on the other hand is a more recent term and so only has the connotation of moderating prices i.e. prices that are not increasing as quickly as they once did. For example if the annual inflation rate one month is 5% and it is 4% the following month, prices disinflated by 1% but are still increasing at a 4% annual rate.

Disininflation can continue at that rate for four more months until the inflation rate is zero. At that point, disinflation becomes deflation as prices are now decreasing. The tricky part is that during the month that annual prices were disinflating, monthly prices may actually be deflating.